stresssystemen
The stress systems refer to the body's coordinated physiological and behavioral responses to perceived threats or demands. In humans, the main components are the autonomic nervous system and two hormonal axes: the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (SAM) system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. They work on different time scales but interact to prepare for action and later restore balance.
The SAM system provides a rapid fight-or-flight response. Activation triggers adrenal medulla release of adrenaline and
The HPA axis governs a slower, sustained response. The hypothalamus releases CRH, triggering pituitary ACTH release,
The autonomic and endocrine responses are complemented by circadian regulation; cortisol typically peaks in the morning
Chronic or repeated activation can contribute to health problems, including cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental health disorders,