stenographic

Stenographic refers to stenography, the practice of writing rapidly by using abbreviated symbols or keyboard chords to represent language, enabling near real-time transcription of speech. Stenography is used to produce verbatim records in courts, tribunals, hearings, and captioning for media. The term stems from Greek stenos "narrow" and graphe "writing."

Traditional stenography relies on shorthand systems such as Pitman shorthand (developed by Isaac Pitman in 1837) and Gregg shorthand (developed by John Robert Gregg in 1888). Teeline shorthand, developed in the 1920s in the UK, is a widely taught modern system. These methods aim for high writing speed and compact symbols, usually requiring extensive training.

Stenographic practice also includes stenotype, a machine-based method in which the operator uses a chorded keyboard to input phonetic representations. A stenotype machine can produce 225-260 words per minute or more with training, with software translating strokes into English text in real time. Stenography is essential for court reporters and captioners, and is used in live CART services, media, and legal proceedings.

Modern trends combine traditional theories with computer-assisted translation, dictation, and voice writing; many programs provide real-time translation and error checking. While not every country uses the same system, stenography remains a recognized profession and skill in legal, media, and accessibility contexts.