stenotype

Stenotype is a method of rapid written transcription that uses a stenotype machine, a compact keyboard with a chorded layout. Operators press multiple keys simultaneously to input phonetic sounds, rather than typing letters one by one. The resulting strokes are translated by software or dictionaries into standard text, typically in English.

The keyboard presents consonant sounds on the left and right sides, with dedicated keys for vowels in the center. By combining several keys in a single stroke, a stenographer can represent an entire syllable or word. Translation relies on phonetic mapping and a personal or institutional dictionary; context-aware software improves accuracy.

Stenotype was developed in the early 20th century by Ward Stone Ireland to enable faster transcription than conventional typewriters. It became standard equipment for court reporters and has since expanded into real-time captioning for television, live events, and accessibility services for the deaf and hard of hearing.

Modern stenography integrates the stenotype machine with computers and captioning software. Real-time transcription is produced as the operator types, with on-screen text displayed and edited as needed. Training emphasizes chord construction, dictionary usage, and speed-building; professional rates commonly exceed 200 words per minute.

Stenography differs from ordinary keyboarding in its chord-based input and phonetic encoding. Although it shares goals with shorthand, it relies on dictionaries and software to render readable text rather than solely on remembered abbreviations. Its continued use reflects ongoing needs for accurate, fast transcription and live accessibility.