spetsiatsiooni
Spetsiatsiooni, or speciation in English, is the evolutionary process by which new species arise from existing populations. It involves long-term genetic divergence and the development of reproductive isolation, so that descendants become incapable of interbreeding with their ancestral populations under natural conditions.
Speciation occurs through several primary modes. Allopatric speciation happens when geographic barriers split a population, reducing
Divergence is driven by a combination of natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and sometimes sexual selection.
Evidence for speciation comes from the fossil record, comparative genomics, and observations of ongoing divergence in
Spersiation is central to understanding biodiversity and evolutionary innovation. Rates of speciation vary, ranging from gradual