incapable

Incapable is an adjective that denotes lacking the ability, power, or means to do something. It can describe a person who cannot perform a task, or an object or situation that cannot be achieved under certain conditions. The term is usually used for a specific limitation rather than as a general judgment about overall character.

In everyday language, incapable is not inherently insulting, but it can come across as harsh if used to describe a person. In legal or medical contexts, more precise terms are used: incapacity and incapacitated describe an inability to manage one's affairs or perform essential tasks; incompetent refers to a lack of required skill or fitness in a given role. The nuance matters in professional settings and is often codified in statutes and clinical criteria.

Etymology and forms: incapable derives from Latin incapabilis, from in- “not” + capabilis “able to be held or capable.” Related forms include incapability (the noun) and incapably (the adverb). The word pairs with capable, capacity, and related linguistic roots. Synonyms include unable and powerless; antonyms include capable and competent.