speedskating

Speedskating is an ice sport in which competitors race on skates to achieve the fastest times. It has two main forms: long track speed skating, raced on a 400-meter oval, and short track speed skating, contested on a smaller, banked inner rink.

Long track events include sprint distances such as 500 and 1000 meters and longer events like 1500, 3000, 5000 meters for both genders, and additional formats like team pursuit and mass start. Races are typically conducted on a single track with individual time or direct competition for medals.

Short track uses a 111.12-meter oval with multiple skaters on the ice. Common events are 500, 1000, and 1500 meters, plus relays. Strategy and position, including drafting and passing on turns, are crucial, and crashes are a recognized risk.

Equipment includes speed skates with long blades; long track favors clap skates introduced in the 1990s; athletes wear skinsuits and protective gear, especially in short track where helmets and pads are common. Technique emphasizes a low, aggressive stance, powerful strides, and efficient cornering.

The sport is governed by the International Skating Union (ISU). Major events include the Winter Olympics, World Championships, and the World Cup circuit, with world records tracked for many distance events.

Speed skating originated in the 19th century in the Netherlands and spread internationally. Men first competed at the Winter Olympics in 1924; women's events followed in 1960. Ongoing innovations in equipment and indoor venues have influenced speeds and competition formats.