somatotype

Somatotype is a system of categorizing individuals into three main body types, or somatypes, based on the proportions of their body measurements. Developed by psychologist William H. Sheldon in the 1940s, the somatotype system categorizes individuals into endomorph, ectomorph, and mesomorph somatypes.

Endomorphs are characterized by a larger body size, rounded features, and a more adipose (fat) composition. They tend to store fat more easily and have a faster metabolism. Ectomorphs, on the other hand, have a smaller body size, slender features, and a higher percentage of lean body mass. They tend to retain less body fat and have a slower metabolism. Mesomorphs have a more muscular build, a moderate body size, and a balance of body fat and lean body mass. They tend to have a medium muscle tone and a relatively stable weight.

According to Sheldon, individual somatypes are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, lifestyle, and relaxation. Sheldon also believed that somatypes are linked to personality traits, with endomorphs being more tactile and sensitive, ectomorphs being more nervous and introspective, and mesomorphs being more outgoing and adaptable. However, this aspect of the theory has been disputed and its validity remains uncertain.

The somatotype system has been widely used in various fields, including physical anthropology, psychology, and sports science. While its application has been met with criticism, the somatotype system remains a widely recognized and discussed concept in human biology and psychology.