smegma

Smegma is a natural bodily secretion composed of shed skin cells, oils, and moisture that can accumulate in the genital area. It occurs in both males and females and is not a disease or a sign of sexual activity. In people with a foreskin, smegma tends to collect under the foreskin; in those with female anatomy, secretions can gather beneath the clitoral hood and surrounding folds.

The material is a mixture of desquamated epithelial cells, fats, and proteins. Its presence can be more noticeable if adequate hygiene is not maintained, and it may have an odor if left for extended periods. Smegma itself is not semen and is not a reliable indicator of sexual health.

Health considerations include that smegma is generally harmless, but poor hygiene can irritate the skin and, in some cases, contribute to inflammation such as balanitis in men or vulvovaginitis in women. It is not inherently dangerous, but persistent redness, itching, swelling, or unusual discharge warrants medical evaluation to rule out infection or other conditions.

Hygiene recommendations are simple: rinse the genital area with plain water regularly and avoid harsh soaps or irritants that can disrupt the natural skin barrier. For uncircumcised individuals, gentle cleaning under the foreskin is sufficient; forceful retraction of the foreskin in infants or young children should be avoided. If smegma is associated with discomfort, persistent odor, or signs of infection, a healthcare professional should be consulted.