uncircumcised

Uncircumcised describes a person who has not undergone circumcision, most often referring to males who retain the foreskin covering the glans penis.

Anatomy: The foreskin (prepuce) is a skin fold covering the glans. It typically retracts with growth; in infants, retraction is limited. The foreskin protects the glans and contains nerve endings, though its precise role in sensation is debated. In some individuals, the foreskin remains fully or partially non-retractable into adulthood.

Hygiene and health: Regular gentle cleaning of the foreskin and glans is advised; do not forcibly retract the foreskin unless it retracts easily. Uncircumcised individuals can develop phimosis (inability to retract), balanitis (inflammation), and smegma buildup, though these conditions are usually manageable with proper hygiene. Evidence on broader health outcomes related to circumcision status varies; some studies report associations with certain infections or penile cancer risk, but causation is not established, and sexual function is not consistently affected.

Cultural and social context: Circumcision practices and attitudes toward the uncircumcised vary widely by region, culture, and religion. In some communities, neonatal circumcision is common; in others, the majority remain uncircumcised into adulthood. Public health and ethical discussions continue to address medical, cultural, and individual choice considerations.