skimmers

Skimmer is a term with several meanings. In security and retail contexts, a skimmer is a device or technique used to collect payment card data without the cardholder's knowledge. In ornithology, skimmers are seabirds of the genus Rynchops that skim the water surface to catch fish. The term may also appear in other technical or colloquial usages that involve skimming or superficial processing.

Skimmers as devices: External skimmers are attached to the outside of card readers at ATMs or gas stations; internal skimmers are installed inside the terminal. They read magnetic stripe data when cards are swiped; some models also capture PINs via nearby cameras or fake overlays. The stolen data is used to create counterfeit cards or perform unauthorized online purchases. The use of EMV chips and contactless payments has reduced risk, but skimming remains a concern, especially at poorly secured terminals.

Birds: Black skimmer (Rynchops niger) and related species such as the Indian skimmer (Rynchops albicollis) are known for their distinctive long, narrow lower bill and their habit of flying low over water to feed. They feed by skimming along the surface, dipping their bills to catch fish; they breed on sandy banks or islands and often form colonies.

Prevention and detection: Key measures include inspecting card readers for loose parts or unusual seals; use chip-and-PIN or contactless payments; shield the keypad when entering a PIN; monitor account statements for unexpected transactions; report suspicious terminals to card issuers or authorities. In street-level settings, merchants are advised to install anti-skimming devices and maintain tamper-evident seals.