shootings

Shootings are events in which a firearm is discharged, causing injury or death. The term covers intentional acts such as homicide or assault, accidental discharges, and firearm use by police or military, as well as self-inflicted gun violence. In public discourse, mass shootings are typically defined as four or more victims shot in a single event, distinguishing them from other gun-related incidents.

Causes and risk factors vary and intersect: access to firearms, social and economic disadvantage, domestic or gang-related violence, and conflicts. Mental health is discussed in this context, but is not a sole predictor, and most people with mental illness are not violent. Context, opportunity, and decision-making often determine whether a shooting occurs.

Impacts include loss of life and injuries, long-term physical and psychological effects, trauma for families and communities, and disruption of schooling or work. Policy responses include background checks, licensing, safe storage, red flag laws, and community interventions. Media guidelines and prevention programs aim to reduce risk and deter copycats.

Data and measurement: National statistics come from crime and health agencies, but definitions and reporting practices vary by country, complicating comparisons. In the United States, shootings account for a substantial share of firearm deaths, while mass shootings attract outsized public attention.

Notable examples: Columbine High School (1999), Virginia Tech (2007), and Sandy Hook Elementary School (2012) drew wide attention. International cases include Port Arthur (1996) in Australia. These events have shaped policy discussions and prevention efforts.