sheesham

Sheesham, scientifically known as Dalbergia sissoo, is a fast-growing hardwood tree in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is native to the Indian subcontinent and parts of Iran, and has been widely planted across tropical regions of Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. It is commonly called Indian rosewood or North Indian rosewood, and should not be confused with true rosewoods such as Dalbergia latifolia or other Dalbergia species.

Description: Sheesham is a medium to large deciduous tree that can reach substantial height. The wood is heavy and dense with a straight to interlocked grain. Heartwood ranges from pale brown to reddish-brown with darker streaks; sapwood is lighter. The timber accepts a good finish and is valued for its strength, durability, and ease of working with both hand and machine tools.

Uses and properties: The timber is widely used for furniture, cabinetry, veneers, parquet flooring, and turnery. It is also employed in boat building and various carpentry applications, as well as for fuelwood in some regions. Durability varies with heartwood content and exposure, but the wood is generally considered sturdy and capable of withstanding wear.

Ecology and cultivation: Dalbergia sissoo grows on a range of soils, often along river valleys and floodplains, and tolerates drought and waterlogging. It exhibits relatively rapid juvenile growth and is used in agroforestry and plantation schemes.

Conservation and trade: Demand for sheesham timber has led to overexploitation in parts of its range. Like other Dalbergia species, trade is subject to regional restrictions and sustainable forestry practices are encouraged to mitigate depletion.