sensorsaccelerometers
Accelerometers are sensors that measure acceleration, typically acceleration relative to free fall. In modern devices they are usually micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) that sense acceleration along one, two, or three orthogonal axes. They convert inertial forces into electrical signals using capacitive, piezoelectric, or piezoresistive principles. Capacitive MEMS accelerometers detect deflection as changes in capacitance between movable proof masses and fixed electrodes, enabling measurement of static and dynamic accelerations. Piezoelectric types respond to stress with generated charge and are generally used for dynamic measurements, while piezoresistive devices detect resistance changes due to strain.
Outputs may be analog voltages or digital values transmitted via interfaces such as I2C or SPI. Specifications
Most accelerometers are available as single-axis, two-axis, or three-axis sensors. They frequently form the sensing element
Calibration and limitations include temperature sensitivity, offset drift, scale-factor errors, and noise. Static measurements require DC-coupled