selfstates

Self-states, or self-states, refer to relatively stable patterns of sense of self, mood, memory, cognition, and bodily response that can become activated in different situations. In some psychological theories they are described as distinct parts of the self that influence perception, behavior, and emotion. The concept is often discussed in the context of dissociation and trauma, where multiple self-states may become more salient or overwhelming, a situation sometimes described as fragmentation or compartmentalization.

The idea has roots in dissociation literature and is linked to broader notions of ego states or parts of the self. In structural dissociation theory, for example, self-states may correspond to different memory networks and affect regulation strategies, sometimes labeled as parts such as an emotionally reactive state and a more executive, integrated state. While not all theories use the same terminology, the core idea is that the self is not a single, unitary system at all times, but can comprise multiple, relatively coherent states that guide experience.

Clinically, self-states are used to understand and treat trauma-related conditions. Therapies may involve identifying and distinguishing self-states, facilitating communication between them, and gradually reintegrating them into a more cohesive sense of self. Approaches such as ego-state therapy and related methods, as well as some explorative frameworks like internal family systems, draw on this idea to help individuals regulate affect and reduce dissociative symptoms. It is important to note that definitions and applications of self-states vary, and empirical support continues to develop.

See also: ego states, dissociation, trauma-focused therapy, integration.