selfimages

Self-images are the mental pictures a person holds of themselves. This construct includes perceptions of physical appearance, personality traits, abilities, roles, values, and social identities. Self-image is part of the broader self-concept and can be conscious or implicit, stable or changeable across time and situations.

Formation and variation. Self-images develop from a combination of genetic predispositions, early life experiences, feedback from others, and cultural norms. They are reinforced or altered through social comparisons, media exposure, and ongoing cognitive processing, such as attention to information that supports existing beliefs or biases. Because they are influenced by mood and context, self-images can fluctuate and may be more positive in some domains (for example, competence at work) and more negative in others (for example, body appearance).

Relation to self-esteem. Self-image is related to, but distinct from, self-esteem. Self-image concerns how one sees oneself in various domains, while self-esteem reflects overall judgments of one’s worth. A person can have a mixed self-image with high self-esteem in some areas and low in others.

Impact and disorders. A negative or distorted self-image can affect motivation, behavior, and mental health, contributing to anxiety, depression, or eating disorders. Body dysmorphic disorder involves preoccupation with perceived physical flaws, often tied to a distorted body image.

Improvements. Interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and media literacy can help individuals develop a more accurate and flexible self-image. Building supportive relationships and engaging in activities that reinforce valued identities can also promote healthier self-perceptions.

See also: self-concept, body image, self-esteem, identity.