selfactualization

Self-actualization is a concept in humanistic psychology that refers to the realization or fulfillment of a person’s talents, abilities, and potential. Coined and popularized by Abraham Maslow, it sits at the apex of his hierarchy of needs, representing the drive to become more of what one is capable of becoming rather than merely satisfying basic or social needs.

Characteristics commonly associated with self-actualization include openness to experience, creativity, autonomous functioning, a realistic and comfortable grasp of reality, acceptance of self and others, and a focus on meaningful goals. Individuals described as self-actualized are often seen as spontaneous, principled, and able to form deep, authentic relationships. Peak experiences—moments of intense joy, insight, or awe—are reported by some as reinforcing a sense of aliveness and purpose.

Development and scope: Self-actualization is portrayed as an ongoing process rather than a final state. It may be pursued throughout life and can be influenced by personality, upbringing, culture, and opportunity. In practice, the idea has influenced education, management, and psychotherapy by emphasizing personal growth, creativity, and intrinsic motivation.

Critique and context: The construct has faced criticism for being vague, subjective, and difficult to operationalize or measure. Some scholars view it as culturally biased toward individualist norms. Later strands of psychology, including positive psychology, explore flourishing and well-being in related terms, sometimes expanding or reframing the concept. Nonetheless, self-actualization remains a widely cited reference for realizing one’s unique potential.