sectorwide

Sectorwide, or sector-wide approach (SWAp), is a planning and funding framework used in development aid to manage support for a specific sector through government-led processes. It aims to align donor resources with the sector’s own priorities and strategies, reduce fragmentation of aid, and improve outcomes by treating the sector as an integrated system rather than through isolated projects.

Key features include government ownership of the sector strategy, joint planning and budgeting, alignment or pooling of donor funds with the sector budget, a common performance framework, and regular joint reviews. SWAp often involves sector-level fiduciary safeguards, civil-society participation, and capacity development to strengthen sector institutions. Depending on context, funds may be pooled or donors may align their contributions with the sector’s budget support arrangements.

Benefits cited include greater policy coherence, stronger government accountability, more predictable financing, and better sustainability of reforms. Critics note risks of reduced donor flexibility, potential delays due to consensus-building, and the need for robust governance to prevent capture or inefficiency.

SWAp is widely used in health and education sectors in low- and middle-income countries, and has been applied to water, sanitation, agriculture, and other public services. The term can also describe related sectorwide budgeting or planning initiatives within government agencies or international organizations, emphasizing a whole-sector perspective rather than ad hoc, project-based interventions.