seaman

Seaman is a general term for a person who works aboard a ship. It can refer to any crew member who contributes to the operation, navigation, maintenance, and safety of a vessel in civil or military service. The term's precise meaning varies by country and organization, and in some contexts seaman denotes a specific rating or job designation.

In the merchant marine, seamen may be classified by department. Deck seamen perform mooring, line handling, watchkeeping, cargo handling, deck maintenance, and navigation support. Engine room seamen assist with machinery, lubricants, and auxiliary systems. Steward seamen work in service and hospitality on passenger ships or vessels in the travel and hospitality sectors.

In naval use, seaman is often a rank or designation for entry-level enlisted personnel serving on ships, typically within deck or general service. Training emphasizes safety, seamanship, and teamwork, with progression to more specialized ratings based on aptitude and assignment.

Training and certification for seafarers are governed by national programs and international standards such as the STCW Convention. Required elements commonly include basic safety training, personal survival techniques, firefighting, first aid, and security awareness. Seamen advance through experience, examinations, or apprenticeship programs, pursuing roles aligned with their skills.

The term derives from sea and man and has long described workers aboard ships in civilian and military contexts. Historically, seafaring has been a male-dominated occupation, though modern crews include people of all genders.