Seamen

Seamen are individuals who work aboard ships and other seagoing vessels. The term traditionally refers to crew members of ships, including deck personnel, engineers, mates, and officers. In contemporary usage, seafarers is often preferred as a gender-inclusive term, while seaman remains common in historical or rank-specific contexts.

Roles and work on board span several departments. Deck crew handles navigation, cargo operations, and general ship handling; positions include able seaman, bosun (boatswain), and watchkeeping officers. The engine department maintains propulsion and power systems, with engineers and technicians responsible for machinery and safety equipment.

Training and certification typically involve maritime academies or approved training programs, with sea-time required before advancement. International standards are set by the STCW Convention, and individual nations issue certificates of competency or licensing for specific ranks. Ongoing safety and refresh training are mandatory.

Life at sea combines long voyages with close quarters and regular watch schedules. Working conditions vary by vessel and trade but commonly include extended periods away from land, physical labor, safety risks at sea, and adherence to international and national regulations. Seamen may be represented by unions or other labor organizations.

Historically central to the merchant marine, seamen helped drive global trade and naval power. Advances in ship design, propulsion, and communication have expanded training requirements and professional standards. Today seamen operate under flags of convenience and international regimes that govern labor rights, safety, and environmental protection.