schooners

A schooner is a sailing vessel defined by fore-and-aft rig on two or more masts. In the common two-masted form, the foremast is shorter than the mainmast, which creates a distinctive profile and facilitates handling with modest crews. Schooners are distinguished by their rig rather than a single hull or sail plan, and they can range from small coastal craft to larger merchant vessels.

Rigging and sails are typically fore-and-aft rather than square-rigged. A standard two-masted schooner carries a mainsail and a foresail, often supplemented by a jib or genoa. Many schooners are gaff-rigged, with the mainsail or foresail controlled by a spar (gaff) at the upper edge; some vessels use Bermudian fore-and-aft sails. Additional staysails or headsails may be added to increase sail area. The schooner’s rig emphasizes close-winded performance and ease of handling, especially with a smaller crew.

History and usage: The term schooner emerged in the 18th century in the Atlantic world, with widespread development in North America and the Caribbean. The rig proved fast, versatile, and economical for coastal trade, fishing, and pilot services, and schooners remained common through the 19th century. They adapted to various roles, from cargo carrying to racing and training ships, across diverse weather and water conditions.

Modern context: Today, many schooners survive as heritage ships or operate in recreational sailing, tourism, and education. They are also found in traditional fisheries and regional trades in some areas. Notable examples include the Canadian fishing and racing schooner Bluenose and the 1851 racing yacht America, famous for winning the first America's Cup.