schlüsselfertige

Schlüsselfertig (turnkey) is a term used in German-speaking construction and real estate to describe a project that is handed over by the contractor to the client in a ready-to-use condition. The owner receives a completed building or facility that requires no major further work before occupancy or operation.

Scope and scope definition are defined in the contract. Typical elements include planning, design, permits, site preparation, foundation and building envelope, electrical and plumbing systems, HVAC, interior finishing, and often landscaping. In some cases, interior fit-out or even basic furnishing is included. The exact scope depends on the negotiated agreements between client and contractor and is commonly described as a complete or final construction package.

Contractual forms and risk allocation. Turnkey arrangements are usually based on fixed-price or lump-sum contracts, where the contractor bears substantial risk for cost overruns and schedule delays. The client normally receives warranty coverage for construction defects and may be subject to standard statutory warranty periods. In Germany, the legal framework for such projects is based on the Werkvertrag (construction contract) under civil law, with related regulations in other jurisdictions.

Advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include a single point of contact, predictable costs, and shorter procurement timelines, as the contractor manages all trades and coordination. Disadvantages can include reduced client influence over design choices, potential higher prices, and dependence on the contractor’s performance and reliability.

Context and usage. The term is common in residential, commercial, and public projects in Germany, Austria, and parts of Switzerland, where developers market properties as schlüsselfertig to emphasize immediate usability after handover.