saunakulttuuri

Saunakulttuuri, or sauna culture, refers to the social and cultural practices surrounding the sauna, especially in Finland where it is a long-standing national tradition. The Finnish sauna tradition dates back centuries and remains deeply embedded in daily life. Saunas are found in private homes, apartment buildings, workplaces, and public facilities, and may be wood-fired, electric, or smoke-fired (savusauna). Typical temperatures in the room range from warm to very hot, with the use of a stove to heat stones on which water is poured to produce löyly, the steam that creates humidity and a cleansing feeling.

Key elements of the practice include preparation and hygiene, the gradual progression through different heat levels on wooden benches, and cooling rituals such as a plunge into a lake, rolling in snow, or a cool shower. Löyly is valued for its immediate sensation of heat and its perceived health and relaxation benefits. The sauna experience is often social, involving family, friends, or colleagues, and may include quiet time or light conversation.

There are various types of saunas, including private home saunas, public or communal baths, and traditional savusauna, which requires a long heating time and no chimney. Modern trends emphasize energy efficiency, accessibility, and integration with outdoor bathing and wellness tourism. Sauna culture has influenced neighboring Nordic and Baltic countries and has become an emblematic aspect of Finnish cultural identity. Health, etiquette, and safety practices emphasize moderation, hydration, and respect for others in shared spaces.