sarcoom
Sarcoom, more commonly spelled sarcoma in English, refers to malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissues such as bone, muscle, fat, cartilage, or blood vessels. They contrast with carcinomas, which originate from epithelial cells. Sarcomas can occur anywhere but most often affect the limbs and trunk. They are categorized into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas.
Soft tissue sarcomas include liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and undifferentiated pleomorphic
Pathogenesis involves diverse genetic alterations; some subtypes have characteristic translocations (for example, synovial sarcoma with t(X;18)).
Clinical presentation is typically a painless, enlarging mass; symptoms may include pain or functional limitation if
Diagnosis combines imaging (MRI for soft tissue, CT or MRI for bone) and histopathology from biopsy, with
Treatment is usually multimodal: surgical resection with negative margins, often plus radiotherapy; chemotherapy is used in
In English, "sarcoma" is the standard spelling; "sarcoom" appears in some languages or older texts and is