salmonellózis

Salmonellózis is an infectious disease caused by Salmonella bacteria. It most commonly affects the gastrointestinal tract. Humans typically contract salmonellózis through consuming contaminated food or water. Common sources of contamination include raw or undercooked eggs, poultry, meat, and unpasteurized milk. Pet reptiles, such as turtles and snakes, can also carry Salmonella bacteria and transmit it to humans through contact.

Symptoms of salmonellózis usually appear 6 to 72 hours after infection and can include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. The illness is generally self-limiting and resolves within a few days to a week. However, in some individuals, particularly young children, the elderly, or those with weakened immune systems, the infection can become more severe and lead to dehydration or spread to other parts of the body, requiring hospitalization.

Diagnosis is typically made through stool cultures that identify the presence of Salmonella bacteria. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing dehydration through fluid replacement. Antibiotics are generally not recommended for mild cases as they can prolong the shedding of bacteria. However, they may be prescribed for severe infections or for individuals at high risk of complications. Prevention is key and involves proper food handling and preparation, including thorough cooking of animal products, avoiding cross-contamination, and practicing good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing, especially after handling pets or raw food.