runt

Runt is a noun describing the smallest or weakest member of a group, especially the smallest individual in a litter of animals. It is commonly used for puppies, kittens, piglets, or other offspring, and more broadly for anything notably small or undersized. The term is informal and can carry a light pejorative tone when applied to people, though it may be used playfully in casual speech.

The origin of runt is uncertain. It is related to runty or runty animal, describing a small, undersized creature. The term has been part of English since the 19th century and is typically used in breeding, farming, and everyday language. The idiom runt of the litter denotes the smallest member of a given brood.

In breeding and veterinary contexts, a runt may be smaller due to prenatal competition for nutrients, genetic factors, or postnatal neglect. Runt individuals can face higher risks of health problems and slower growth, but with proper nutrition and care they can thrive; some may require targeted medical attention.

In human usage, runt may describe a person who is physically small or perceived as weak. It is informal and not a medical term, and it can be offensive if used harshly. The idiom runt of the litter remains the standard way to refer to the smallest member of a group.