rotaryindexing

Rotary indexing is a method used in automated manufacturing to move a workpiece or tooling to a fixed sequence of angular positions. An indexing device rotates to discrete positions around a circular path and locks the output at each station for a defined operation, such as machining, assembling, or inspection. The system emphasizes repeatable, intermittent motion rather than continuous rotation.

A rotary indexer typically comprises a drive mechanism, a precise indexing element (such as a gear ring, cam, or Geneva-type mechanism), a locking or clamping system, and a control arrangement. Movements can be mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, or servo-driven, allowing for various levels of precision, speed, and load capacity. Some designs use cam profiles or gear teeth to achieve the stepping action, while others rely on programmable servo motors with electronic synchronization.

Operation usually involves cycling the indexer to the next station, engaging the lock, performing the required operation at that position, and then releasing or dwelling before advancing. Dwell time at each station permits processing, measurement, or transfer to the next station. Rotary indexing is commonly integrated with conveyors, robotics, and other automation components to form multistation workcells.

Common applications include turret-style tooling on machine tools, assembly and welding lines, electronics packaging, and automated inspection stations. Advantages include high repeatability, robust operation, and straightforward integration with other automation elements. Limitations involve a finite number of stations, potential wear and backlash in mechanical parts, and setup or changeover complexity for different tasks. Related concepts include rotary tables, CNC turrets, and intermittent-motion mechanisms such as the Geneva drive.