resourcedependency
Resource dependency refers to the organizational theory that a firm's behavior is shaped by external resources essential for its survival. The theory posits that organizations rely on inputs such as capital, information, human skills, technology, and legitimacy, which are controlled by other actors outside the organization. Because these resources are often scarce or controlled by powerful others, the firm faces constraints and uncertainties that influence its strategic choices and structure. Dependency strength varies with resource criticality, scarcity, and the extent of control by others.
Developed by Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald R. Salancik in the late 1970s, notably in The External Control
Common strategies include diversifying suppliers, forming strategic alliances or joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions, interorganizational networks,
Critics argue that resource dependency can overstate external control and underplay internal capabilities and initiative. Contemporary