ranavírusok

Ranavírusok (Ranaviruses) are a genus of viruses within the family Iridoviridae. These viruses infect a wide range of vertebrate animals, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. They are known for causing significant mortality in both wild and captive populations. The name "Ranavirus" is derived from the genus *Rana*, which includes many frog species that are susceptible to these infections.

Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses with an icosahedral capsid and an envelope. They replicate in the nucleus of host cells. The diseases caused by ranaviruses vary depending on the host species and the specific viral strain. Symptoms can include lethargy, anorexia, skin lesions, hemorrhages, and organ damage, particularly in the liver, spleen, and kidneys. In amphibians, ranaviruses are often associated with severe disease, especially in larval stages, leading to mass die-offs. In fish, ranaviruses can cause epizootic ulcerative syndrome and high mortality rates. Reptiles can also be affected, exhibiting symptoms such as swelling, lethargy, and neurological signs.

The transmission of ranaviruses can occur through direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, as well as through contaminated water, food, or fomites. Environmental factors, such as stress from poor water quality or overcrowding, can exacerbate disease outbreaks. Diagnosis of ranavirus infection typically involves molecular methods like PCR, as well as virus isolation and serological tests. There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for ranavirus infections, and management strategies often focus on preventing introduction and spread through biosecurity measures and supportive care. Research into ranaviruses is ongoing to better understand their pathogenesis, host range, and to develop potential control strategies.