Ranaviruses

Ranaviruses are a genus of double-stranded DNA viruses within the family Iridoviridae. They are known for their ability to infect a wide range of cold-blooded vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Ranaviruses are globally distributed and can cause significant mortality events in both wild and captive populations. The viruses are characterized by their large, icosahedral virions and a genome size of approximately 150 kilobase pairs.

Infection with ranaviruses can manifest in various ways, depending on the host species and the specific virus strain. Common clinical signs include lethargy, anorexia, lesions on the skin and internal organs, and neurological symptoms. Outbreaks can lead to rapid and widespread death, making them a concern for conservation efforts and aquaculture. Transmission typically occurs through direct contact with infected individuals, contaminated water, or environmental surfaces.

Diagnosis of ranaviral infections usually involves molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA, as well as histological examination of tissues. There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for ranavirus infections. Prevention and control strategies focus on biosecurity measures, reducing stress in captive animals, and avoiding contact with known infected populations. Research continues to understand the complex interactions between ranaviruses, their hosts, and the environment to better manage and mitigate their impact.