pölyn

Pölyn is the Finnish term for dust, referring to a broad mixture of solid particles found in air or settled on surfaces. Dust includes mineral particles, pollen, skin flakes, textile fibers, pet dander, and residues from cooking, combustion, and industrial processes. Particle sizes range from ultrafine particles less than a micrometer in diameter to visible grains, with health and environmental assessments often focusing on PM2.5 and PM10, representing particles with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 and 10 micrometers or less.

Sources of dust are diverse. Natural sources include soil, wind-blown debris, pollen, and volcanic ash. Human activities contribute construction and demolition, vehicle emissions, burning, cooking, and the use of household products. Indoor dust tends to accumulate from everyday materials such as textiles, skin, hair, and microorganisms, and can be influenced by ventilation, humidity, and cleaning practices.

Health and environmental aspects: Inhalation of dust can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat and provoke coughing. Fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and, with long-term exposure, are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions. Vulnerable groups include children, the elderly, and those with asthma or chronic lung disease. Dust can also carry allergens, microbes, and chemical pollutants, affecting indoor air quality and comfort.

Measurement and management: Air quality assessments commonly report PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. World Health Organization guidelines and national standards provide targets to minimize health risks, though limits vary by country. Indoor dust levels are influenced by ventilation, humidity, and cleaning practices. Mitigation strategies include reducing dust sources, improving filtration with HEPA systems, using damp cleaning methods, and maintaining moderate humidity to limit resuspension and accumulation.