põlevkivide

Põlevkivide, also known as oil shale, is a sedimentary rock containing significant amounts of solid organic matter called kerogen. When heated to high temperatures, kerogen decomposes and yields liquid hydrocarbons, commonly referred to as shale oil. This process is known as retorting. Põlevkivide deposits are found in various parts of the world, with the most significant reserves in Estonia, Russia, the United States, and China. Estonia, in particular, has a long history of utilizing põlevkivide as a primary energy source, powering its electricity generation and even used in cement production.

The extraction and processing of põlevkivide involve considerable environmental considerations. Mining operations can disrupt landscapes and habitats, while the retorting process can produce greenhouse gas emissions and wastewater. However, advancements in extraction and processing technologies are continuously being developed to mitigate these impacts.

Economically, põlevkivide presents a potential alternative to conventional fossil fuels, especially in regions with substantial deposits. The economic viability is closely tied to global oil prices and the cost-effectiveness of extraction technologies compared to other energy sources. Research into more efficient and environmentally friendly methods for unlocking the energy potential of põlevkivide continues.