decomposes

Decomposes is the third-person singular present tense of the verb decompose. In general use, it describes the process by which organic or inorganic matter breaks down into simpler substances. The term appears across disciplines such as biology, chemistry, computer science, and data analysis.

Biological decomposition is carried out by microorganisms, fungi, and detritivores that consume and chemically alter organic matter. The process typically proceeds through stages such as fragmentation, enzymatic breakdown, and mineralization, ultimately releasing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and forming humus. Environmental conditions, including temperature, moisture, oxygen availability, and pH, influence the rate at which matter decomposes. Composting and waste management rely on controlled decomposition to recycle organic material.

In chemistry, a decomposition reaction refers to a single compound breaking down into two or more substances. These reactions are often endothermic and may require heat, light, or electricity to proceed. Examples include the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide, and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

In computer science and systems engineering, decomposition describes the process of breaking a complex problem or system into smaller, more manageable parts. Functional or task decomposition supports modular design, easier testing, and parallel development. Recursive or hierarchical decomposition is common in software architecture and project planning.

In statistics and time-series analysis, decomposition separates data into components such as trend, seasonality, and residuals. This helps identify underlying patterns, forecast future values, and understand irregular fluctuations.

The word derives from Latin deponere, meaning to put down, and has cognates in many languages. The subject area often notes that decomposition is reversible in some contexts but not all.