põhikeemikaalide

Põhikeemikaalid, also known as base chemicals or commodity chemicals, are fundamental chemical substances that are produced in large quantities and serve as essential building blocks for a vast array of other chemical products. These chemicals are typically produced through large-scale industrial processes, often in continuous operations, and are characterized by their relatively low price per unit due to the economies of scale involved in their production.

The production of põhikeemikaalid is a cornerstone of the global chemical industry. They are derived from raw materials such as petroleum, natural gas, air, water, and minerals. Common examples include ethylene, propylene, benzene, methanol, ammonia, sulfuric acid, and chlorine. These substances are not usually sold directly to consumers but are instead sold to other industrial manufacturers who use them as intermediates in the synthesis of more complex chemicals and finished goods.

The applications of põhikeemikaalid are incredibly diverse and far-reaching. Ethylene and propylene are primarily used in the production of plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene, which are ubiquitous in packaging, textiles, and automotive parts. Benzene is a key component in the manufacturing of plastics, synthetic fibers, and detergents. Methanol finds use in solvents, antifreeze, and as a fuel additive. Ammonia is crucial for fertilizer production, while sulfuric acid is employed in a wide range of industrial processes including metal processing and fertilizer manufacturing. Chlorine is vital for water purification, disinfectants, and the production of plastics like PVC. The availability and cost of põhikeemikaalid significantly influence the economics of numerous downstream industries.