antifreeze

Antifreeze is a liquid used in cooling systems to lower the freezing point and raise the boiling point of the coolant, helping engines operate in extreme temperatures. It prevents the coolant from freezing in cold weather and reduces the risk of overheating in hot weather, while providing corrosion protection for radiators, water pumps, and other metal components.

Most antifreeze is based on glycols, primarily ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Ethylene glycol offers strong freezing-point depression but is highly toxic if ingested, making it hazardous to humans and animals. Propylene glycol is less toxic and is preferred in some consumer products and areas with higher exposure risk. Formulations may be conventional inorganic acid technology (IAT) or organic acid technology (OAT), and often include corrosion inhibitors, anti-foam agents, and pH stabilizers.

Typical automotive mixes are water plus antifreeze in about 50/50 or 60/40 ratios, adjusted for climate. Beyond cars, glycol-based coolants are used in trucks, industrial equipment, solar thermal systems, and other heat-transfer applications.

Safety and environment: used antifreeze is toxic and should be handled with care. Avoid spills and contamination of water sources. Store in sealed containers; dispose of used coolant at licensed facilities. Keep out of reach of children and pets.