Ammonia
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor. Its chemical formula is NH3, and the molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape with a lone electron pair. At standard conditions it boils at −33.3 °C and freezes at −77.7 °C. It is highly soluble in water, forming ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) in solution, which is a weak base.
In nature and industry, ammonia plays a central role. It occurs in trace amounts in the atmosphere
Ammonia is a key feedstock and intermediate in many processes. The largest share of produced ammonia is
Chemically, ammonia acts as a weak base in water: NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH−. It readily forms
Safety and environment: ammonia can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; exposure at high concentrations
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