puolukka

Puolukka (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), commonly known as lingonberry or cowberry in English, is a small evergreen shrub in the heath family (Ericaceae). It is native to boreal forests and Arctic tundra across the Northern Hemisphere, including Scandinavia, Russia, Canada, and Alaska. The plant forms low, creeping stems with glossy, evergreen leaves. In spring it bears small pinkish-white flowers, and later bright red berries develop, about 6–8 millimeters in diameter, persisting on the plant into winter.

The berries are tart and mildly sweet when ripe and are widely used in Nordic and Baltic cuisines. They are commonly made into jam or sauce, served with game and potatoes, or added to desserts and beverages. Nutritionally, lingonberries contain vitamin C and various antioxidants, and they store well when frozen or preserved.

Puolukka favors acidic, well-drained soils and partial to full sun in boreal woodlands, bogs, and forest clearings. It is hardy to cold climates and adapts to relatively short growing seasons. Pollination is performed by native bees, and berries as well as seeds provide food for birds and small mammals. In cultivation, it is grown as ground cover or in peat-rich garden beds, propagated by layering, cuttings, or division, and requires acidic soil, consistent moisture, and mulching to mimic natural heath conditions.