pulkka

Pulkka is a traditional snow sled used in Nordic and Arctic regions, especially Finland and the Sámi areas, to move people or cargo over snow. It is designed to be pulled by a person, and in some cases by a dog team. Historically, pulkkas served as a practical means of winter transport in rural communities where snow and cold limited other methods of travel.

Design and variants vary. A typical pulkka consists of a lightweight frame with runners that glide over the snow and a flat bed for passengers or cargo. Some models are simple and rugged, while others are more refined with padded seating, covers, or wind shields. In Finland, a special variant known as a baby or infant pulka is used to carry young children; it is often enclosed or partially covered to protect the rider from cold and wind and is pulled by an adult using a tether or harness. Modern versions may incorporate plastic, fiberglass, or metal components, but traditional wooden pulkkas remain common in rural areas.

Cultural and historical context. Pulkkas have long been part of winter life in northern Europe, used for travel, hunting, gathering, and daily tasks when wheels were impractical. They are associated with Sámi and broader Nordic winter culture and have influenced the design of other sledges used for cargo and passenger transport in snow-covered regions.

Modern use. Today, pulkkas are still employed in rural settings for practical transport and featured in winter recreation and dog-sledding activities. They are also used for child transport in snowy communities and as lightweight cargo carriers during expeditions in cold climates.

See also: dog sled, sledge, sleigh.