prolaktinoom

Prolaktinoom, also known as a prolactinoma, is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that secretes excessive amounts of the hormone prolactin. It is the most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma and accounts for approximately 40% of all pituitary tumors. Prolactin is primarily responsible for stimulating breast milk production in women and plays a role in reproductive health.

The condition often presents with symptoms related to hormonal imbalance and mass effect. Women may experience menstrual irregularities, galactorrhea (abnormal milk production outside of pregnancy), and infertility. Men may exhibit decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, or gynecomastia (enlargement of breast tissue). Larger prolactinomas can compress adjacent structures, leading to headaches or visual disturbances, particularly if they impinge on the optic chiasm.

The diagnosis is typically made through blood tests showing elevated prolactin levels. Imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), help confirm the presence and size of the tumor. Treatment options include medications, primarily dopamine agonists like bromocriptine or cabergoline, which decrease prolactin secretion and often reduce tumor size. Surgical removal may be necessary if medications are ineffective or contraindicated.

Prolactinomas are generally benign, with a good prognosis when properly managed. Long-term follow-up involves regular monitoring of prolactin levels and imaging to assess tumor control and recurrence. While most prolactinomas respond well to medical therapy, untreated or poorly managed tumors can lead to hormonal imbalances, infertility, and potential structural complications.

In summary, prolaktinoom is a common benign pituitary tumor characterized by excessive prolactin production, primarily affecting reproductive health, but with favorable treatment options and outcomes when diagnosed early.