plantdisease
Plant disease refers to impairment of plant health caused by biotic agents such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, oomycetes, nematodes, or parasitic plants, as well as by abiotic factors including drought, nutrient deficiencies, salinity, waterlogging, frost, and chemical injury. Diseases disrupt growth, reduce yields, and can affect quality.
Biotic diseases arise from pathogens that invade plant tissues, reproduce, and spread within and between plants.
Diagnosis combines field observation with laboratory tests such as microscopy, culture, and molecular methods to identify
Pathogen spread occurs through wind, rain splash, vectors, contaminated equipment, seed or soil, and irrigation water.
Management relies on integrated approaches that mix cultural practices, resistant varieties, accurate timing, and judicious use
Economic impact of plant disease can be substantial, reducing yields, quality, and market value and threatening