planograms

Planograms are schematic diagrams or 3D representations that specify the placement of products on shelves in retail environments to maximize sales, optimize space, and enhance shopper navigation. They are used across sectors such as supermarkets, drugstores, convenience stores, and mass merchants, and are created by retailers, manufacturers, or category captains as part of merchandising and category management.

A planogram communicates the intended arrangement of products, including which SKUs occupy which shelves, the number of facings, shelf heights, and the positioning of products within zones or aisles. It may specify fixture types, labeling, signage, and allowed exceptions. Planograms can be static or dynamic, and are commonly produced as 2D diagrams or 3D models using specialized software.

The planning process typically begins with data collection on sales, turnover, and shelf performance, followed by category strategy decisions such as assortment, pricing, and promotions. Merchandisers draft the planogram, which is tested in stores or virtual simulations, and then rolled out with compliance checks. Regular updates reflect new products, seasonal promotions, or annual resets, and performance is monitored to inform adjustments.

Software tools enable automated space planning, version control, and portability across store formats. Planograms support standardized merchandising, aiding replenishment, inventory planning, and training of staff.

Limitations include reliance on accurate data and forecasts, variability between stores, and execution challenges at the shelf level. Planograms are most effective when used with category management, promotional calendars, and store-level adaptation.