pinnakihi

Pinnakihi is a common name used in New Zealand for several species of small to mid-sized demersal coastal fish. It does not refer to a single species; rather, it covers fishes in local fisheries that share similar appearance and habits. In Māori and English sources, pinnakihi typically describes silvery to olive-colored fish that reach roughly 25 to 60 cm in length.

Habitat and distribution

Pinnakihi inhabit temperate coastal waters around New Zealand and southern Australia, from shallow reef and estuarine environments to depths approaching 100 meters. Younger fish often form schools, while adults may be more dispersed. They are associated with mixed habitats that include rocky, sandy, and reefy bottoms.

Diet and behavior

Pinnakihi are opportunistic feeders, consuming crustaceans, mollusks, and small fish. They forage along the seabed and can be found in mixed-species groups with other demersal fish. Their schooling behavior can vary with season and age.

Reproduction

Spawning occurs seasonally in warmer months, with pelagic eggs and early larval stages drifting in the open water. Growth rates are moderate, and maturity age varies by location and stock conditions.

Fisheries and management

Pinnakihi are targeted by commercial and recreational fishers using lines, nets, and traps in parts of New Zealand and nearby waters. Management commonly includes size limits, bag limits, seasonal closures, and regional stock assessments where available. Some stocks are considered data-poor and managed with precautionary approaches.

Conservation

Generally, pinnakihi are not listed as globally threatened, but local stock performance can vary. Sustainable management relies on regular monitoring, science-based assessments, and adherence to regulations to maintain healthy populations.