pietsosähköiset

Pietsosähköiset refers to materials that exhibit the piezoelectric effect. This phenomenon involves the generation of an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Conversely, these materials also deform mechanically when subjected to an electric field. This reciprocal relationship is the hallmark of piezoelectricity.

The effect can be observed in both naturally occurring crystalline materials and synthetic ceramics. Quartz crystals are a classic example of naturally piezoelectric substances, while barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) are common synthetic piezoelectric ceramics. The specific atomic structure of these materials is crucial for the piezoelectric effect to manifest. In these structures, the displacement of ions under stress or electric fields leads to a net electric dipole moment, which in turn produces the observed electrical or mechanical response.

The applications of piezoelectric materials are diverse and span numerous technological fields. They are widely used in sensors, transducers, and actuators. In sensors, they convert physical quantities like pressure, acceleration, or vibration into an electrical signal. Transducers utilize the effect to convert energy from one form to another; for instance, in ultrasonic transducers, electrical energy is converted into sound waves and vice versa. Actuators employ the inverse piezoelectric effect to produce precise mechanical movements in response to electrical input, finding use in micro-positioning systems and inkjet printers. Other applications include igniters for gas stoves and lighters, resonators in electronic circuits for frequency control, and in medical imaging devices.