pictogram

A pictogram is a graphical symbol that conveys information through a simplified image representing an object, action, or concept, rather than through words. Pictograms are a type of pictorial symbol and are distinct from ideograms (signifying ideas directly) and logograms (representing words). They are designed to be quickly recognized and understood across language groups, often at a glance.

Historically, pictorial representation appears in ancient writing, but modern use expanded with road signs, public information systems, and standardized signage in the 20th century. International standards have helped formalize pictograms for broad comprehension; notable examples include ISO 7001 for public information symbols and ISO 7010 for safety signs.

Usage spans a wide range of contexts. Pictograms appear in traffic and transit signage, hazard warnings, maps and legends, product interfaces, and informational graphics. In digital media, icons function as pictograms to indicate actions or categories. They are often color-coded or rendered in monochrome to maintain visibility across media and distances.

Design and evaluation emphasize simplicity and legibility. Effective pictograms use clear shapes, minimal detail, high contrast, and consistent orientation, and they are typically tested for comprehension across diverse audiences. Cultural differences can influence interpretation, so designers may rely on standardized symbols or provide contextual cues to ensure accurate understanding.