formalize

Formalize is a verb meaning to give something a definite form, structure, or set of rules; to bring it into a formal framework; or to express it in terms of formal rules or operations. In everyday use, to formalize a process means to replace informal practices with official procedures, standards, or documentation. The word derives from formal, from Latin formalis 'having a form', with the suffix -ize.

In mathematics and logic, formalize means to express concepts within a formal system, using precise syntax and inference rules. Geometry can be formalized with axioms and symbols, and proofs can be written in a formal proof system. In computer science, formalization underpins formal methods, specification languages, model checking, and verification.

In linguistics, formalization refers to creating formal representations of grammatical structure, such as automata or formal grammars, often alongside descriptive analyses.

In law and governance, formalization involves codifying an arrangement or status so it is enforceable and recognized by institutions, such as formalizing a partnership, land rights, or a contract, typically through formal documents and signatures.

Critics contend that formalization can oversimplify complex, dynamic, or context-dependent phenomena, while supporters argue it improves clarity, reproducibility, and verifiability. See also: formal method, formal language, formal logic, formal specification, formal contract.