phonophobia

Phonophobia, sometimes called ligyrophobia, is an anxiety-related condition characterized by an excessive, persistent fear of sound, particularly loud or sudden noises. It can provoke distress, avoidance, or panic in response to auditory stimuli and may impair daily functioning.

Phonophobia may occur as a primary phobia or as a symptom associated with other conditions, such as migraine (where phonophobia accompanies headaches), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, autism spectrum disorders, or after head injury. Triggers vary and sensitivity to sound intensity can differ between individuals.

Distinctions are important: phonophobia is different from misophonia, which involves strong negative reactions to specific sounds (like chewing or tapping), and from hyperacusis, a reduced tolerance to ordinary sounds not necessarily linked to fear. Ligyrophobia is sometimes used specifically for fear of loud noises, while phonophobia can be used more broadly to denote fear of sound.

Diagnosis and treatment are typically clinical, based on history and assessment to rule out other neurological or medical issues when appropriate. Treatments include psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy and exposure-based techniques, and management of any coexisting anxiety disorders. Pharmacotherapy may be considered for underlying anxiety or comorbid conditions. Coping strategies include gradual sound exposure, use of hearing protection in high-noise environments, and relaxation or mindfulness techniques.

Prognosis varies and depends on underlying causes and access to treatment. When addressed with appropriate therapy, many individuals experience reduced anxiety and avoidance related to sound.