phasing

Phasing refers to the process of aligning the phases of periodic signals, waves, or events. The concept centers on phase, a measure of where in a cycle a quantity is at a given instant. Proper phasing ensures constructive interference, coherent operation of systems, and predictable timing across components.

In wave physics, phase is the relative position within a cycle. Two signals are in phase when their maxima and zero crossings align; they are out of phase when these features occur at different times. Phase differences can change interference patterns, envelope amplitudes, and the directional response of antennas.

In electrical engineering and communications, phasing is used to synchronize multiple channels, components, or antenna elements. Phase shifters, phase-locked loops, and phasing networks adjust the phase of signals to steer beams, combine power efficiently, or prevent destructive interference in arrays.

In audio processing, phasing often refers to a time-based effect created by mixing a signal with a phase-shifted copy of itself. The shifting is typically achieved with all-pass filters. As the phase changes, notches sweep through the spectrum, producing a characteristic swirl or movement in the sound.

In imaging and metrology, phase shifting interferometry uses known phase steps to extract surface profiles from interference patterns. In project management and construction, phasing describes delivering work in defined stages to manage risk, cost, and schedule.