peräpukamille

Peräpukamat, commonly known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. They can be internal, located inside the rectum, or external, appearing on the outside of the anus. Causes can include straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, pregnancy, and obesity. While often uncomfortable, peräpukamat are a very common condition.

Symptoms vary depending on whether they are internal or external. Internal peräpukamat may cause painless bleeding during bowel movements, often noticed as bright red blood on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. They can also prolapse, meaning they protrude from the anus. External peräpukamat can cause itching, pain, and swelling around the anus. If a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid, it can lead to a painful condition called a thrombosed hemorrhoid.

Diagnosis is usually made through a physical examination. For internal peräpukamat, a doctor may perform a digital rectal exam or use an anoscope to visualize them. Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence. Lifestyle changes such as increasing fiber intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding prolonged sitting on the toilet are often recommended. Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories can provide temporary relief from itching and pain. For more severe cases, medical procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, or surgery may be considered.