pehmittimet

Pehmittimet are substances added to polymers and fibers to increase their flexibility and softness. In practice they are commonly referred to as plasticizers or softeners and work by inserting between polymer chains, reducing intermolecular forces and lowering the glass transition temperature. This enhances workability, flexibility, and impact resistance of the material.

Common types include phthalates (such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, often abbreviated DEHP or DOP), adipates, and citrate-based softeners. In recent years, non-phthalate alternatives have gained prominence, including di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DOTP) and DINCH, as well as polymeric plasticizers. Different softeners vary in volatility, compatibility with the polymer, and migration tendency from the finished product.

Applications span a wide range of products. The largest use is in PVC-containing materials such as flooring, cables, films, coatings, and synthetic leather. They are also used in some rubbers, elastomers, and textile finishes to improve hand feel and flexibility. In consumer goods, softeners can influence tactile properties, durability, and aging behavior of the material.

Safety and regulation are important considerations. Some phthalates have been associated with health and environmental concerns, leading to restrictions in toys and childcare articles and to regulatory controls under frameworks like REACH in the European Union. Non-phthalate plasticizers are often pursued as alternatives, though performance, cost, and regulatory acceptance vary. Migration or leaching of softeners can affect product safety, odor, and appearance, particularly in long-life or skin-contact applications.

Environmental and lifecycle aspects, including production, use, and end-of-life disposal, influence the choice of pehmittimet in industrial practice.