pavimentos

Pavimentos are the uppermost surfaces of built environments, designed to provide a durable, safe, and smooth area for traffic, standing, or use. The term covers both exterior surfaces such as roads, streets, sidewalks, plazas, and pedestrian zones, and interior surfaces such as floors in buildings. Pavement design considers load, climate, drainage, and user safety, balancing performance with cost and sustainability.

Road pavements are typically built in layers on a prepared subgrade. A subbase and base layer distribute loads and improve drainage, followed by the wearing course that bears traffic. Flexible pavements use asphalt concrete, while rigid pavements use Portland cement concrete; many roads combine materials or use surface treatments. In pedestrian areas, surface options include interlocking concrete pavers, natural stone, and asphalt or concrete finishes designed for slip resistance and aesthetics.

Interior pavements focus on floor systems. Subfloors provide support and moisture control, while finishing layers deliver durability and appearance. Common materials include ceramic or porcelain tile, natural stone, hardwood or engineered wood, vinyl, epoxy or polyurethane coatings, and terrazzo. Selection depends on foot traffic, moisture exposure, cleaning requirements, thermal expansion, and maintenance. Some interiors employ decorative pavements to achieve specific visual effects or zoning.

Maintenance and rehabilitation are ongoing aspects of pavement management. Roads require crack sealing, resurfacing, or full reconstruction to restore performance. Floor pavements may be sealed, resurfaced, stripped, or refinished to maintain slip resistance and appearance. Sustainability considerations include recycled materials, permeable pavements, and energy-efficient construction and maintenance practices.