patio

A patio is an outdoor living space that is usually at ground level and directly adjacent to a house or other building. It is typically paved or finished with stone, concrete, or other hardscape and is used for dining, socializing, relaxing, and outdoor activities. Patios are distinguished from decks, which are typically elevated and built of wood or composite materials, and from terraces, which may be on slopes. They can be located at the rear or side of a dwelling and may be enclosed by walls or screens.

Construction and materials: Common materials include concrete, natural stone, brick, pavers, ceramic or porcelain tile, and sometimes gravel or decomposed granite. Subsurface preparation usually involves a compacted base, a moisture barrier if needed, and proper drainage. In cold climates, considerations include freeze-thaw resistance and frost heave, as well as edge restraint and proper edging to prevent movement. Attached patios may integrate with doors and thresholds, while freestanding patios require drainage planning.

Design and features: Patios may incorporate shade through pergolas, awnings, or umbrellas; lighting for evening use; and amenities such as outdoor kitchens, fireplaces, planters, or water features. Furniture is typically weather-resistant. Maintenance includes cleaning, resealing porous surfaces, weed control in joints, and periodic inspection for cracks or movement. Good drainage reduces pooling and erosion.

History and terminology: The word patio derives from the Spanish for courtyard. In English usage, it refers to a ground-level outdoor space connected to a residence, with regional variations in what is considered a patio versus a deck or terrace.